15^th International Conference on Dementia and Alzheimers Disease March 25-26, 2019 Osaka, Japan

Dementia is not a specific disease. It's an overall term that describes a group of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 per cent of cases. Vascular dementia, which occurs after a stroke, is the second most common dementia type. But there are many other conditions that can cause symptoms of dementia, including some that are reversible, such as thyroid problems and vitamin deficiencies.

Dementia is often incorrectly referred to as "senility" or "senile dementia," which reflects the formerly widespread but incorrect belief that serious mental decline is a normal part of aging.

There is no one test to determine if someone has dementia. Doctors diagnose Alzheimer's and other types of dementia based on a careful medical history, a physical examination, laboratory tests, and the characteristic changes in thinking, day-to-day function and behaviour associated with each type.

Dementia is predominant disorder that affects more number of people around the world. . Diagnosis of the patient with Dementia frightens the person affected by the syndrome, their family members and caretakers. Better understanding about public awareness of Dementia aids more effective health and social policies. Dementia patients need assistance and full time care as much as drugs. Some common care practices in Dementia are assistance in food and fluid consumption, pain management, social engagement ensuring safety and security of Dementia patients. Main aim of care practices is to ensure cut in hospitalization and psychotropic drugs. Understanding patient’s mood changes, particular behaviour, speech problems and help in rectifying them. Dementia patients need end of life care so qualified nursing staff is needed. Few care practices which are used are indoor and outdoor activities, visual and audio stimulation, Art therapy. Care practices in Dementia have been critical to engage in International Dementia meetings. In need to evolve in Dementia care world gathering and genuine talks on Dementia care is required. The Dementia conference discusses public awareness as well as care practices to achieve higher rate of early diagnosis and to decrease the distress among the patient, family and caregivers.

Alzheimer's can be defined as a gradually progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized of memory impairment and subsequent disturbances in personality, mood, reasoning and perception. It caused by a combination of lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors that gradually impairs the brain.

It can be diagnosed by evaluating subjects medical history, testing mental and mood status (NINCDS-ADRDA), lab tests and brain scans. An on-going clinical trial conducted by Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), is to test whether antibodies to beta-amyloid can reduce the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaque in the brains with such genetic mutations and thereby reduce, delay or prevent symptoms and it can also be impeded by choosing the diet carefully.

More than 400 clinical trials are presently looking at new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and many of them are actively recruiting. Many of the researches are based on decreasing the toxic effects of amyloid-beta in the brain, targeting amyloid production, blocking the accumulation of amyloid-beta into plaques, Aiming at Tau, Improving Cognition with Serotonin and Dietary Supplements.

Beta amyloid plaques and Neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein Pathology are prime suspects of neuronal cell death in Alzheimer’s it caused by accumulation of abnormally folded A-beta and tau proteins  and Plaques of small peptides 39–43 amino acids to  form Beta-amyloid which comprises amyloid precursor protein (APP) and a transmembrane protein that pierce the neuron's membrane. It later forms a fibrils of amyloid protein clump which get deposited in neurons to form a dense senile plaques, amyloid fibrils disrupts the cell’s calcium ions homeostasis and induces apoptosis of neurons which results in neurodegeneration affecting brain functioning.

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the most common movement disorder. Characteristics of Parkinson’s disease are progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling of the limbs and head while at rest, stiffness, slowness, and impaired balance. As symptoms worsen, it may become difficult to walk, talk, and complete simple tasks.

The progression of Parkinson's disease and the degree of impairment vary from person to person. Many people with Parkinson's disease live long productive lives, whereas others become disabled much more quickly. Complications of Parkinson’s such as falling-related injuries or pneumonia can cause premature death. However, studies of patent populations with and without Parkinson’s disease suggest the life expectancy for people with the disease is about the same as the general population.

Most experts estimate that dementia with Lewy bodies is the third most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, accounting for 10 to 25 percent of cases. Lewy bodies are also found in other brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia. Many people with Parkinson's eventually develop problems with thinking and reasoning, and many people with DLB experience movement symptoms, such as hunched posture, rigid muscles, a shuffling walk and trouble initiating movement.
 

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or frontotemporal degenerations refer to a group of disorders caused by progressive nerve cell loss in the brain's frontal lobes (the areas behind your forehead) or its temporal lobes (the regions behind your ears).

The diagnosis of bvFTD and PPA are based on expert evaluation by a doctor who is familiar with these disorders. The type of problems experienced by the patient and the results of neurological exams are the core of the diagnosis. Brain scans such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and glucose positron emission scans are very helpful additional tests, but they must be interpreted in the context of the patient’s history and neurological exam.

Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is the combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. Due to the close relationship between these two disorders, people with either are usually diagnosed with WKS, as a single syndrome.

The cause of the disorder is thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, which can cause a range of disorders including beriberi, Wernicke encephalopathy, and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. These disorders may manifest together or separately. WKS are usually secondary to alcohol abuse. It mainly causes vision changes, ataxia and impaired memory.

Geriatric health care practice also known as "elder care health management, it is a process of planning and coordinating care of the old aged individuals and others with physical and/or mental abilities to meet their long term care needs, enhance their quality of life, and carried their independence for as long as possible. It involves in working with persons of old age and their families in managing, rendering and furnishing various types of health and social care services.

Awareness is attention plus working memory, it isn't always distinctive to humans, many animals display the traits of awareness, it's miles something that appears to have developed often in many lineages. And Awareness has a quite specific definition it's the capability of selecting particular aspects of the environment, and to be able cognitively to control these aspects over a more prolonged timescale than regular cognitive processing. Neural systems that controls and regulate to attenuate awareness in humans whose central and peripheral nervous system provides more instructions than cognitive sites in the brain can assimilate.

-Geriatric emergency medicine

-Geriatric neurology

-Geriatric psychiatry

-Support devices & monitoring

-Caregiver support

A decline in a man's mental limits and scholarly capacities that is sufficiently awesome to influence the individual's ordinary day by day working. Dementia is a Syndrome prone to be the outcome of sores of the cerebrum, Vascular in cause, Irrespective of their ischemic, hemorrhagic or hypoxic nature. Vascular dementia is more typical in men than in ladies (perhaps in light of the fact that men are more probable than ladies to experience the ill effects of Strokes). Vascular dementia turns out to be progressively common as individuals become more established. The quantity of individuals influenced by vascular dementia rises significantly amid and after the Sixth decade. Vascular dementia for the most part happens at an a younger age than AD. Vascular dementia ordinarily exhibits in an intense and stepwise mold meaning a "stage" is a lost after every occasion.

Amyloid and tau are two major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, but the way that they affect each other is largely unknown. This conference will further make us understand how these two proteins work in the brain, and how this contributes towards Alzheimer's disease. The researchers also hope to make similar clarifications for the role of amyloid and alpha-synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies.

By understanding more about the role of this type of amyloid, the researchers can understand if detecting this form of the protein can help in more accurately diagnosing the condition. This could help to ensure that people are able to access the support, treatments and information that they need as soon as possible.

Neurology is a branch of science that deals with neurological disorders, diagnosis and treatment of conditions and illness of nervous system. Neurological learning is heavily based on the area of neurobiology, it involves the central and peripheral nervous systems consisting of their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, inclusive of muscle, Neurological exercise relies closely on the field of neuroscience that is the medical study of the nervous system.

Neurosurgery is a completely tough surgical specialty wherein strategies and technologies are constantly growing. Minimally-invasive approaches the use of surgical microscopes and endoscopes are increasingly used which achieve similar or better consequences than open surgical operation. The benefits to the patient include much less ache, quicker get better time and minimal scarring.

Dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as of now exhibits one of the greatest medicinal services issues in the created nations. There is no successful treatment equipped for backing off infection movement. As of late the fundamental concentrate of research on novel pharmacotherapies depended on the amyloidogenic speculation of AD, which places that the beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide is primarily in charge of subjective hindrance and neuronal demise. The objective of such medicines is (a) to diminish Aβ creation through the restraint of β and γ secretase chemicals and (b) to advance disintegration of existing cerebral Aβ plaques. Be that as it may, this approach has turned out to be just unobtrusively viable. Late investigations propose an option methodology fixated on the restraint of the downstream Aβ flagging, especially at the neural connection. Aβ oligomers may cause deviant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) initiation postsynaptically by shaping buildings with the phone surface prion protein (PrPC). PrPC is enhanced at the neuronal postsynaptic thickness, where it collaborates with Fyn tyrosine kinase. Fyn enactment happens when Aβ is bound to PrPC-Fyn complex. Fyn causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Fyn kinase blockers masitinib and saracatinib have ended up being effective in treating AD side effects in trial mouse models of the illness.

Animal models for Alzheimer's disease it is essential to consider the human phenotype and what is being displayed as far as the creature phenotype. The arbitrator, Bradley Hyman, educator of neurology at Harvard Medical School, said that creature models of Alzheimer's ailment, in view of the hereditary qualities of the sickness and the firmly related frontotemporal dementia, imitate at any rate a portion of the pathology. Specialists have been fruitful at displaying particular parts of Alzheimer's malady in the mouse (e.g., plaques, tangles). In spite of the fact that these are deficient models of the human ailment, they have been generally welcomed in the field as conceivably important models for use in sedate revelation.

Patients with Alzheimer's infection will show both amyloidopathy and tauopathy; be that as it may, researchers frequently center, reductionistly, on either in a creature display. A member included that despite the fact that the life structures in the mouse is unique in relation to the human, mutant tau mice are moderately great models in that they restate tau-subordinate neurodegeneration. This has driven various organizations to concentrate on antibodies that piece tau-subordinate neurodegeneration in these mouse models.

This session incorporates Transgenic models, Pharmacological and injury models, Natural and seminatural models, Primate models, Zebra angle models, Animal models of human intellectual maturing, Development of new creature models, Genetics of translational models, Protein-protein cooperations, Ethical issues with creature models.